Transverse oscillations and an energy source in a strongly magnetized sunspot

Abstract The solar corona is two to three orders of magnitude hotter than the underlying photosphere, and energy loss coronal plasma extremely strong, requiring a heating flux over 1,000 W m − 2 maintain its high temperature. Using 1.6 Goode Solar Telescope, we report detection ubiquitous persistent transverse waves in umbral fibrils chromosphere strongly magnetized sunspot. carried by these was estimated be 7.52 × 10 6 −2 , four stronger rate active regions. Two-fluid magnetohydrodynamic simulations reproduced high-resolution observations showed that dissipate significant energy, which vital for heating. Such oscillations associated strong may exist variety regions on Sun, could observational target next-generation telescopes.